中医杂志

基于高原环境“缺氧”特点及临床表现，结合中医经典理论，认为“缺氧”是高原病的主要病因，可称之为“氧”邪，属高原环境下特殊外感致病因素。高原“氧”邪性质与致病特点有四，即其性类风而非风，为高原“百病之长”；易挟风先袭阳位，耗气伤精；扰动气血，易于转化；邪易入络，多见血瘀之象。高原病核心病机为感受“氧”邪、宗气亏虚，初起为清气不足，宗气不足，继而呼吸代偿性加深加快，宗气过耗，两者共同导致宗气亏虚。与其他外感疾病不同，本病起病即见虚实夹杂、气血同病特点，且贯穿疾病始终。其病机演变受高原环境及体质禀赋影响极大，易出现寒化或燥化等不同方向的演变，累及脏腑以肺、心、脾、肾、胃、脑为主。

Based on the "hypoxia" characteristic of the high-altitude environment and its clinical manifestations, combined with the classic theories of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), this paper holds that "hypoxia" is the main etiology of altitude sickness, which can be called the "oxygen" pathogen, a special exogenous pathogenic factor under high-altitude environment. The "oxygen" pathogen in high-altitude areas has four characteristics in terms of nature and pathogenicity. Firstly, its nature is similar to wind but not wind, and it is the "primary cause of all diseases" in high-altitude areas; secondly, it is prone to be accompanied by wind to attack yang positions first, consuming qi and damaging essence; thirdly, it disturbs qi and blood and is prone to transformation; fourthly, it easily invades collaterals, and blood stasis is a common manifestation. The core pathogenesis of altitude sickness is "being affected by the oxygen pathogen and deficiency of pectoral qi(zong qi)". At the initial stage, there is insufficient clear qi and weakness of pectoral qi; subsequently, breathing deepens and accelerates compensatorily, leading to excessive consumption of pectoral qi. These two factors together result in pectoral qi deficiency. Different from other external contraction, this disease presents with a mixture of deficiency and excess, as well as concurrent disorders of qi and blood from the onset, and this characteristic runs through the entire course of the disease. The evolution of its pathogenesis is greatly affected by the high-altitude environment and constitutional endowment, and it is prone to evolve in different directions such as cold transformation or dryness transformation. The zang-fu organs involved mainly include the lung, heart, spleen, kidney, stomach, and brain.