中医杂志

从“时、位、德”三个维度比较《周易》与运气学说二者的思想结构，旨在揭示运气学说形成过程中的易学渗透及其自身嬗变。提出《周易》与运气学说均以“时”为核心，通过观天、制历以识时；《周易》强调“得时”以掌握事物演变规律，运气学说则注重“明时”以理解气化与时间的常变关系。二者均视“位”因时成，皆分六位结构，并赋予“位”哲学内涵；《周易》以爻位论“吉凶悔吝”，其评判贯通卦之全局，运气学说则言气位且以“当位”表达气化之正，其考量与影响亦统摄整体运气格局。二者均主张“德”源于时位相合，是顺时适位的体现；《周易》以“德”概括事物属性与天地规律，运气学说还将“德”引申为气化之正。据此认为运气学说“时、位、德”思想结构应受易学影响，并在此框架下完成自身特色的理论演进。

This paper compares the philosophical structures of doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climate factors and The Book of Changes （《周易》） from three dimensions of "time, position, and virtue", aiming to reveal the penetration of The Book of Changes thought in the formation of the doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climate factors and its own theoretical transformation. Both the "doctrine" and the "book" centered on "time", recognizing temporal order through observation of celestial phenomena and calendar formulation. The Book of Changes emphasizes "seizing the timely moment" to master the principles of change in all things, while doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climate factors focuses on "understanding time" to clarify how qi relates to temporal phases. Regarding posi‑tion, both treat it as time-derived and philosophically significant within a six-tier structure. The The Book of Changes uses yao （爻） positions for judging auspiciousness, inauspiciousness, regret and distress, with such judgement per‑meating the overall structure of the hexagram; the doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climate factors uses qi posi‑tions, where "dangwei （当 位）" denotes normative qi transformation governing the overall pattern. Both hold that "virtue" arises from time‑position harmony, representing conformity to time and suitability to position. In The Book of Changes, "virtue" serves to encapsulate the attributes of things and the principles of heaven and earth, whereas the doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climate factors furhter extends "virtue" to denote the normative state of qi transformation. Thus, the intellectural structure of time, position and virtue in the doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climate factors was influenced by Yijing scholarship, within which it completed its theoretical evolution distinctly.